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Friday, April 12, 2013

STEAM PLANT

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Steam Plant System Outline:

Feed Water System:
The steam plant uses a closed feed system with feed collecting in the enclosed feed tank. In order to increase the steam cycle efficiency and reduce oxygen in the feed water, the enclosed feed tank has a steam heating coil to maintain the temperature in the tank at 90°C. This feed temperature should be maintained for both auxiliary boiler operation and exhaust gas economizer operation. Vapor and air are removed from the enclosed feed tank, to vent condenser by an exhaust fan.
The steam plant has two feed water pumps which pump feed from the enclosed feed tank to the auxiliary boiler and economizer.  Normally feed is supplied to the auxiliary boiler from the main feed line and feed regulator. The auxiliary feed to the boiler is used as an alternative feed supply in an emergency, or filling the boiler for a wet lay up.
Normally the feed is supplied to the economizer through the main feed line, and is heated in the pre-heater section of the economizer. All economizer feed should pass through the pre-heater.  At the outlet of the pre-heater the feed water is separated into two directions. Part of the feed water passes through the low pressure evaporator flow control valve and is used to generate low pressure (4 kg/cm2) steam in the L.P evaporator. The remainder of the feed passes through the feed regulator into the high pressure steam separator.

Condensate System:
The condensate system consists of the turbo-alternator condenser, which is cooled with sea water by one of the turbo-alternator condenser cooling sea water pumps. The two pumps, pump condensate through the air ejector gland condenser, the vent condenser and its by-pass orifice. The condensate system must be operational at all times when feed system is in use.
If the turbo alternator is in operation the air ejector must be in use to maintain a vacuum at the condenser. If the turbo-alternator is not is not in use the condenser can be used as an atmospheric condenser and the steam side of the air ejector need not be started.

Low Pressure Steam System (4 Kg/cm2):
When the auxiliary boiler is in operation the 4K steam is reduced from 7K steam through a reducing valve. When the exhaust gas economizer is in operation the 4K steam is produced in the L.P evaporator section of the economizer and the reducing valve will shut automatically.  If the low pressure steam pressure falls to 3.9 Kg/cm2 the reducing valve open to make up pressure. If pressure in the low pressure steam line rises to 4.1 Kg/cm2, the 4 Kg/cm2 dump valve will open and relieve pressure to turbo-alternator condenser. 4K steam is used for tank heating, purifiers and main engine heaters, and steam tracing service.

7 Kg/cm2 Steam System:
7K Steam is produced in the auxiliary boiler; it is used for soot-blowing (auxiliary boiler) and for reducing to 4K steam service when the economizer is not operational.


9.5 Kg/cm2 Steam System:

This high pressure steam is generated in the economizer high pressure evaporator and is stored in the high pressure steam separator as saturated steam. This saturated steam is used for economizer soot-blowing, air ejector steam and saturated steam supply to the super heater. When the economizer is in operation the excess steam in the high pressure steam system is relieved to the turbo alternator condenser through the H.P dump valve. This is set at 9.5 Kg/cm2 .



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